The Globalization Process - 2335 Words

Imagine a company goes abroad and asks you to fulfil the job of expatriate in that host country. It may sound as a dream come true, but before being sent abroad you will need to be prepared, trained and do several physiological tests. Besides that, the company and you will face many obstacles like a different political system, other economic situation and moreover cultural and language differences. To carry out the task a company need the best reliable people to be able to make it a successful assignment, looking at factors such as experience, job skills and cultural awareness. An important part of the process is overlooked regularly, namely the importance and well-being of the expat’s family. Nowadays, the globalization process helps countries other than the United States to send expatriates abroad (Braseby, 2010). Therefore the expat population grows and according to historical failure rates the rate remains around four to six percent, playing a substantial part in international assignments. On the other hand family presence, an expat having a spouse and/or children abroad decreased between 2001 and 2013 . However these facts insinuate that family presence does not influence the expat’s success abroad, but taking expat failure in account we will see different problems. Expat failure which can be defined in several ways like pre-mature return, but also the repatriation process after been send abroad is due to multiple different factors. A major factor in this case areShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is An Ongoing Process, And The Process Of Globalization1666 Words   |  7 Pagesprotective barriers against trade, technology and investment among countries. According t o E.Paradee, globalisation is an ongoing process, and the process of globalisation, has been taking place for sometime in the field of financial markets, trading etc.(S. E. Paradee, 1988). According to Malcom. S.Adiseshiah, globalisation generally means that both the production process and institutions associated with production of a given commodity as well as its sales and distributions are no longer limited toRead MoreGlobalization as a Process1744 Words   |  7 Pagesinto contact with globalization. We are all active members of this web, and we are the fuel it needs to work to perfection. This web needs employers and employees, it needs people in need and people willing to help, and it needs members of different cultures and societies. It needs you. Whether it was by flying on an airplane, traveling to a foreign country, or simply by buying medicine, you are contributing to the unstoppable giant known as globalization. To understand globalization it is necessaryRead MoreThe Process Of Globalization1164 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization is one of the biggest keys as to why the world is how the world is today. Many people do not realize how much of an impact globalization has upon their daily lives. The everyday essentials would not be possible without globalization. For example, people would not have any iPhones or any touch screen materials since those elements and minerals come from all around the world. The process of globalization has a rich history and a bright future; however, some minor setbacks are unavoidableRead MoreGlobalization Is Not An Irreversible Process1502 Words   |  7 Pages Globalization has become a clichà © in everyday habit, the idea is not new. The initial trend of globalization took place between 1870 and 1914. This was triggered by a combination of falling costs in transportation and a reduction in trade barriers, which opened up the possibility for a p roductive use of land .This wave of globalization ground to a halt in 1914. Despite unprecedented growth in the economy and the reduction in poverty, the impact of globalization on inequality withinRead MoreGlobalization Is A Multidimensional Process1426 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalisation â€Å"Globalization is a multidimensional process. Although it is often understood primarily in economic terms, linked to the establishment of an interlocking global economy, its social and cultural implications are no less important.† (Andrew Haywood, 2011). Many argue that globalisation in itself has a number of positive and negative points. It is said that recently Globalisation has led to rise of â€Å"deterritorialisation† (Scholte, 2005). Theory emphasises that social processes may noRead MoreMedias Role in the Globalization Process645 Words   |  3 PagesEssay: The role of media in globalization process If we talk about the role of media in globalization process we should firstly say that what the media is. The media is media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. Today the media play a key role in enhancing globalization. And the media also play important role in facilitating culture exchange flows of information between countries. The media spreads through international news broadcasts, new technologiesRead MoreGlobalization Is The Process Of International Integration1244 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. It approaches in transportation, telecommunication-internet, mobile phones which have been the key factor in globalization, producing further interconnection of economic and cultural activities. Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world throu gh a rapid increase in cross-border movement ofRead MoreUkraines Role in the Process of Globalization908 Words   |  4 PagesUkraine’s role in the process of globalization Globalization is a relatively recent phenomenon that has an enormous influence on the future of our planet. It elicits contradictory reactions from economists, politicians, scientists and ordinary people. In addition to its benefits, globalization has dangers and risks. It is responsible for environmental problems, the population explosion, extreme poverty, mass unemployment, etc. But what does globalization mean for different countries?   MostRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Recruitment Process1827 Words   |  8 PagesTHE GLOBALIZATION IN THE RECRUITMENT PROCESS July 15th, 2015 ENG - 502 Professor: Veronica Cruz Monge Impact of the globalization in the recruiting process. Globalization has significance in the human resources process at business and organizations of any type. The complexities of globalization in the past decade have provoked in the Human Resources area to look and define new strategies for the multi-cultural competencies that can challenges them. Globalization is transforming the process andRead MoreGlobalization Is The Process Of International Integration938 Words   |  4 Pagesstrongly suggest that we belong in this league. I would like to commend the way we are handling the elements of marketing - global, technological, sociocultural, competitive, and economic influences (Nickels, McHugh, McHugh, 2014). Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of products, worldviews, ideas and other aspects of culture. The elimination of global barriers – geography and distance – has generated the interdependence of nations both in economic

Analysis Of The Book What Happy People Know - 1621 Words

Everybody should be happy! But according to Dr. Dan Baker, happiness is a â€Å"relatively rare quality† (6). He further states that it is â€Å"even scarcer now than it was in earlier, less affluent times† (6). But why are so many people so unhappy? In his book titled â€Å"What Happy People Know†, Dr. Baker reveals what years of research and personal clinical findings has taught him about the lack of happiness in America. People are afraid of failing, not being enough, or not having enough which triggers the fight or flight response within them. As a result, countless look for ways to prevent these fears from becoming reality and in the process fall into what Dr. Baker calls the â€Å"Happiness Traps† (5). According to the book, there are five†¦show more content†¦Therefore, having a positive self-concept is very important to a life of happiness. Bonnie desperately needed a positive self-concept, or she would soon die. Her fear of not being enough had led her to feeling that she was too fat, and that she was â€Å"a crummy student and a loud mouth† (74). Because of her fear of being overweight, she had stopped eating meats, grains, vegetables, and finally drinking water. Now she was lying in a hospital bed due to severe hydration. She became greatly alarmed and horrified when her stomach was distended as her attendants pumped nutrients and fluids into her (74). Eventually, through the means of Bonnie’s dog, Dr. Baker was able to convince Bonnie that she should not starve herself just as she would not starve her dog. Through her love for her dog, Bonnie’s â€Å"love for herself began to grow, her fear subsided, and the language she used to describe her life began to change† (75). However, not everyone had suffered from a lack of self-love. Job had been an extremely successful engineer with a wonderful wife, son, and daughter. His engineering firm had consisted of 153 employees who were more like family than employees to him. His success had brought him a penthouse apartment in New York City, summer home in the Hamptons, classic automobiles, exotic vacations, and a luxurious, eagles-nest office space near the lofty top of the World Trade Center. (179) His wealth made him a confident man who was described asShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of a Walk to Remember1696 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of A Walk to Remember I. Author Introduction/ Writing Style: The author of A Walk to Remember is Nicholas Sparks. He was born on December 31,1965. According to Wikipedia he is an internationally best selling American author. He writes novels with themes that include Christianity, love, tragedy, and fate. He is currently the author of 12 published novels; including: Message in a Bottle, A Walk to Remember, and The Notebook. He lives in New Bern, North Carolina with his wife CatherineRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Fahrenheit 451, By Ray Bradbury792 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury â€Å"We never burned right†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bradbury 113) stated Guy Montag, the main character of Fahrenheit 451. This book is about a society that is oppressive and dictatorial. They depend on firemen to burn books at an attempt at censorship and to block free thinking. They obstruct books and literature as a way to restrict knowledge and understanding. One of the major theme of Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury, is as society gains more knowledge and wisdomRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Jo in Lousia May Alcotts Little Women 626 Words   |  3 Pagescomes an essay that will blow your mind that you cannot believe. Here in the story Little Women it tells you about how what they went through to get where they are in the modern day of their lives. The topic that we are going to talk about is a character analysis. The deteriorating of character analysis is a reoccurring symbol in Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women. In the book Little Women the role that Jo has is that she is the third oldest sister in the family. The way that Jo thinks is thatRead MoreLupus Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesday. He really couldn’t do much in school so he drop out of school and got into a business program that allowed him to finish school over the internet. Now he just purchased his first house so he can have a semi-normal life living with Lupus (1). Analysis: Jason Holland is a prime example of a soldier of life. He proves to us that there is a better side of life dealing with a serious disease. This article was very informative to someone that is dealing with Lupus. It also gives hopeRead MoreDance Of The Happy Shades1575 Words   |  7 Pages Within the collection of short stories Munro writes, Dance of the Happy Shades and Other Stories, I would like to ask you to take another look at the story at the end of the book and the one that takes up most of the title, Dance of the Happy Shades. All the stories in this book deal with the main character having a sense of otherness, but this final narrative tells the otherness of a character observed by the narrator. Within the story, I would like to present the idea that Miss Marselles primarilyRead MoreShort Story : Beautiful Disaster By Jamie Mcguire1344 Words   |  6 PagesBook 1: Beautiful Disaster by Jamie McGuire Journal Response 1: â€Å"Everything in the room screamed that i didn’t belong† Pg 1 (Personification) Everybody feels this way at some point in their life. The feeling that you don’t fit in at a certain setting. This quote is telling us that Abby, the female protagonist, doesn’t feel safe in this environment. We can tell this by the author’s use of the word â€Å"screamed†. When a person is screamed at the response to that is usually fear or rage. Also we canRead MoreReview of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesoccupations and technological advances, to show what life could be like if the future takes a drastic turn for the worse. In this futuristic look at man and his role in society, he turns mans best friend, the dog, against man, changes the role of public servants and changes the value of a person. Society has evolved to such an extreme that all literature is illegal to possess. The intellectual thinking that arises from reading books can often be dangerous, and the government Read MoreJohn Lewis s Writing Shines New Light On What Happiness714 Words   |  3 PagesMany of Lewis’s writing shines new light on what happiness really means to the human spirit. In â€Å"We Have No ‘Right to Happiness’†, C.S. Lewis challenges the superficial view of happiness that we can do whatever it takes to be happy, regardless of others. Lewis observes how we reach happiness in relationships, pointing out that too many people only want happiness for themselves, which in turn deprives others of the same joy. He bases his augment on society’s view points, using his neighbor as a relatableRead MoreWhy Dogs Communicate With Their Owners Through Body Language Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pagesbody language. They tell us when they are happy, nervous, uncomfortable, or possibly ill. They also communicate their intentions, or what action they intend to take if their warning is n ot recognized and the situation corrected. II. Orienting Material A. Tie to the audience: Dogs communicate their feelings and intentions using their eyes, ears, mouth, teeth, tongue, and tail. It is our job as owners to know what they are saying so we can interpret what they are saying, and respond in an appropriateRead MoreSummary : The Book Thief 849 Words   |  4 PagesChapter/Page # Summary of episode Relevance/analysis Significant quotation Quotation Page Number Pages 3-8 In this episode the author introduces the narrator. It is soon to be explained that this narrator is death. Death tells the story of a young girl who he calls â€Å"The Book Thief.† Typically, Death is a figure that many people would describe as dark and evil in this novel, however, Death describes himself differently. One significant thing Death is interested in is colors, which is a very humanly

Procrastination and Attention Factor Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Procrastination and Attention for Factor Analysis. Answer: Introduction Procrastinationis the process of avoidance to do a task that requires to be established. It is the steps taken to establish additional enjoyable equipment set up of fewer enjoyable ones, or implementation of fewer dire tasks rather than extra earnest ones, consequently putting off forthcoming undertakings to a later on occasion. The delight principle might be in arraigning of stand; one may like to stay away from pessimistic feelings, and to defer distressing assignments. The conviction that one works best under weight gives an extra motivating force to the delay of assignments. A few clinicians refer to such conduct as a component for adapting to the nervousness related with beginning or finishing any undertaking or choice (Ferrari, 2000). Customarily, dawdling has been related with compulsiveness: an inclination to contrarily assess results and one's own execution, extraordinary dread and evasion of assessment of one's capacities by others, elevated social reluctance and tension, intermittent low mind-set, and "workaholism" (Howell et al., 2006). In any case, versatile sticklersegosyntonic hairsplittingwere less inclined to tarry than non-fussbudgets, while maladaptive fussbudgets, who saw their compulsiveness as an issueegodystonic hairsplittinghad elevated amounts of stalling and nervousness. Negative adapting reactions of stalling people have a tendency to be avoidant or enthusiastic instead of assignment arranged or concentrated on critical thinking. Enthusiastic and avoidant adapting is utilized to diminish push related with putting off expected and imperative individual objectives (Rabin, Fogel Nutter-Upham, 2011). This choice gives prompt joy and is thus extremely appealing to indiscreet slackers at their first information of achievable objectives. There are a few feeling focused systems, like Freudian protection instruments, adapting styles and self-impeding. Adapting reactions of slackers incorporate the accompanying. Evasion: Avoiding the area or circumstance where the undertaking happens (e.g. a graduate understudy abstaining from crashing into the college). Foreswearing and trivialization: Pretending that procrastinatory conduct is not really dawdling, yet rather an errand which is more imperative than the kept away from one, or that the fundamental assignment that ought to be done is not of quick significance. Diversion: Engaging or drenching in different practices or activities to avert familiarity with the undertaking They are exceptionally delicate to moment satisfaction and end up plainly weak. Sliding counter factuality. Valorization: Pointing in fulfillment to what one accomplished meanwhile while one ought to have been accomplishing something else. Reprimanding: Delusional attributions to outside components, for example, legitimize that the stalling is because of outer strengths outside one's ability to. Deriding: Using sillin ess to approve one's dawdling. Errand or critical thinking measures are exhausting from a slacker's viewpoint. In the event that such measures are sought after, it is more outlandish the slacker would remain a slowpoke. In any case, seeking after such measures requires effectively changing one's conduct or circumstance to avoid and limit the re-event of delaying. It is studied the behavioral (arousal as well as avoidance) as well as cognitive (indecision) appearance of procrastination were related to attention shortage, boredom proneness, self-esteem as well as intelligence. Attention shortages are characterized by serious and persistent complexity in three major areas: attention span, impulse control, and, on occasion, hyperactivity. Persons who are regularly inattentive tend to be easily diverted, shift from one incompleted task to another task, as well as often misplace of lose things necessary to complete a task. The capability for performing some composite tasks depends critically on capability to keep task-relevant in sequence in an accessible state over time (working memory) and to discerning process information in the environment (attention). In fact, the stuffing of working memory as well as attention often overlies. If the directions stock up in WM train to turn left after the yellow water tower, then concentration may be guided near objects that resemble a yellow water tower. Even though the contents of WM as well as attention are often similar, the accurate relationship between these two constructs is not fully understood. Working memory, like attention, is a complex and multifaceted construct (Hen, Goroshit, 2014). It has been suggested that there exits autonomous stores for verbal, spatial, and visual information. Strong evidence has also accumulated that the processes complicated in the storage of items in WM are distinguishable from the processes that operate or update the conten ts of WM. Working memory is the ability to hold up the information, which is required to generate the certain response for the task to complete. If the people get affected by procrastination then the people will not be able to generate the response. As he will feel not to do the work and therefore the information that was already been in hold will get fade away with time. Literature Review: Procrastination conduct has a tendency to be very steady inside people, a huge part of the delaying writing is devoted to finding and reporting related identity attributes. This writing has outfitted a significant part of the prominent shrewdness on hesitation, e.g., it can come from compulsiveness, tension, and dread of disappointment (Rabin, Fogel Nutter-Upham, 2011). The scope of identity builds is very wide, so we will take after the association conspires created in a current meta-examination and arranged in an ensuing hypothetical union. Mental analysts have built up an assorted exhibit of identity attributes to portray contrasts between people - maybe the best-known about these is uprightness, which is profoundly prescient of expansive measures of progress and attractive practices. As for hesitation, a significant number of these develops have been related with self-announced dawdling conduct: Agreeableness, impulsiveness, conscientiousness and neuroticism. On the opposite side of observational reviews, specialists have inspected undertaking qualities that are related with lingering: errands that are unappealing or discovered uninteresting are normally the ones postponed (Gustavson et al., 2015). Additional shocking is a later finding that individuals likewise delay attractive exercises when their potential time windows are substantial: for example, individuals regularly delay touring in the city where they live, or neglect to utilize blessing cards that don't lapse. According to Steel the situational traits are: va lue, expectancy and impulsiveness. Aim of the Study: To study how procrastination affects the working memory. How does attention affect procrastination in a normal population of students? How does working memory affect procrastination in a normal population of students? Participants were 109 undergraduate psychology students. However, only the results from 62 participants (39 females and 23 males) were included in the final analysis. The inclusion criteria were that participants had to have completed all sections of the experiment, were not visually impaired, and have not been previously diagnosed with ADHD, learning impairment and language and reading impairment. Further, they needed to score above 85% correct on the mathematics operations section of the operations span task. The Stroop task used in this study contained 60 trials in total: 20 trials consisted of words with congruent colour and word names (congruent trials); 20 trials consisted of words with incongruent colour and word names (incongruent trials); and 20 trials consisted of coloured rectangles (neutral). The trials were presented to the participants in random order. Participants were required to respond as quickly as they could by pressing one of four keys in response to the color rather than the word name (MacLeod, 1991). The Stroop interference effect for each participant was calculated by subtracting their mean reaction time on neutral trials from their mean reaction time on incongruent trials. Greater Stroop interference indicated worse attention. Operations span task (Unsworth, Heitz, Schrock and Engle, 2005) Participants were required to remember sequences of letters in order as well as mentally calculate mathematics operations. The participants first saw the math operation, and after they clicked the mouse button indicating that they had solved it, they were presented with a number in the middle of the screen. They were required to use their mouse to click on either the true or false button to indicate whether the number presented matched the answer to the previous operation. After their response, they saw a letter to be recalled. Each set of mathematics operations and letter sequences varied from 3 to 7 trials per set. At the end of each set, the participants were required to recall the letters in the same order in which they were presented. The participants saw a 4 x 3 matrix of letters (F, H, J, K, L, N, P, Q, R, S, T, and Y). Recall consisted of clicking the box next to the appropriate letters in the correct order. A total of 75 letters and 75 math problems were presented. The operations span (OSPAN) score was calculated by adding up all the correctly remembered letter sequences, while taking into account the number of letters in that sequence. That is, each correctly recalled sequence was multiplied by the number of letters in that sequence, and then a total was obtained for each participant (e.g., if a participant correctly recalled 2 x 3 letter sequences + 2 x 4 letter sequences + 1 x 5 letter sequence, then the score would be 2x3 + 2x4 + 5 = 19). Greater operations span scores indicated greater working memory capacity. PASS procrastination questionnaire (Solomon Rothblum, 1994) The PASS procrastination questionnaire (Solomon Rothblum, 1994) consists of 44-items divided into two-parts. Only results from the first part of the scale were used for this study. This measure of procrastination has been previously found to have adequate validity and reliability. For example, Howell et al. (2006) reported an alpha coefficient of .75. This section of the questionnaire measures the extent of procrastination in six academic areas: writing an assignment, studying for an exam, keeping up with readings, performing administrative tasks, attending meetings, and performing academic activities in general. For each academic area, participants were asked to rate themselves on a scale of 1-5 the degree to which they procrastinate on the task (1=Never procrastinate; 5= Always procrastinate), whether procrastination on the task is a problem for them (1= Not at all a problem; 5= Always a problem), and whether they want to decrease their procrastination on the task (1= Do not want to decrease; 5= Definitely want to decrease). The procrastination score was calculated by summing the rating for the first 2 items for each academic task with scores ranging from 12 to 60. Higher scores indicated greater self-reported procrastination. Demographic questionnaire Participants were asked about the age, gender, vision, and previous diagnosis of ADHD, learning impairment and language impairment in a brief demographic questionnaire. The experiments were conducted in class, in either computer rooms containing up to 25 participants, or on the participants own personal computers at home. Participants first completed the Stroop task, followed by the operations span task, PASS procrastination questionnaire and finally the demographic questionnaire. The experiment took approximately 45 minutes to complete. Attention and procrastination Table 1 shows that the stroop mean for the low stroop interference and high stroop interference is 11.29 and 405.53 respectively. The standard deviation for the two interference group is 200.91 and 215.03 respectively. The procrastination mean for the low and high stroop interference is 200.91 and 215.03 respectively. Table 2 shows that the procrastination mean for low and high stroop interference is 32.86 and 36.61 respectively. The standard deviation is 8.89 and 8.00 respectively. Table 3 shows that OSPAN mean for low and high OSPAN is 25.39 and 54.84 respectively. The standard deviation is 9.28 and 10.92 respectively. Table 4 is the result for t-test that has been conducted. T value is excessively low around -2.0264 and the degree of freedom is 60 with p value 0.0472. Table 5 shows that the procrastination mean for low and high OSPAN is 34.61 and 34.26 respectively. The standard deviation value is 10.72 for both high and low OSPAN. Table 6 is the result fir the t-test that has bee n again conducted. T value is 0.13 with p value 0.897. Discussion: The present brief review proposes that distinctive types of ceaseless delaying are identified with fatigue inclination. Fractional connects (free of insight) demonstrated that avoidant, excitement and decisional hesitations were connected decidedly to outside incitement, full of feeling reactions, and view of time, and contrarily to inward incitement. Moreover, each of the three types of endless lingering was connected emphatically to measures of consideration shortages, in particular: negligence, impulsivity, under activity, confusion, ill humor, and passionate trouble. The extent of these coefficients was little, proposing that the connection between these factors was not totally clarified through relapse examinations. Subsequently, calculate examinations were performed. Just decisional hesitation stacked with weariness inclination (and contrarily with self-regard). None of the types of incessant tarrying related with consideration shortages. It appears that hesitation might be ide ntified with the need toward incitement, view of time. This recommends indecisive might be people who are effectively diverted by unessential signal. Additional research is required; especially test outlines that investigate the factors that record for this connection amongst uncertainty and consideration. It appears that unending behavioral and intellectual lingering, while identified with some degree to fatigue inclination, truly appear to be disconnected to deficiencies in consideration as described by consideration shortfall issue without hyperactivity (ADD). Truth be told, these outcomes happened autonomously of knowledge, recommending that the part of psychological capacities might be disconnected to negligence or the requirement for incitement. Obviously, the present example included typical, undergrads. These outcomes should be duplicated with clinical specimens of ADD and ADHD analyzed (Niermann, Scheres, 2014). Procrastination is the behavior shown by the person when he is facing a complex psychological issue. This issue affects all the person to some certain extent. It is been related indirectly with the management of time (Gustavon et al., 2015). The procrastinator is frequently surprisingly hopeful about his capacity to finish an undertaking on a tight due date; this is generally joined by articulations of consolation that everything is under control. Now, extensive exertion is coordinated towards finishing the errand, and work advances. This sudden spurt of vitality is the wellspring of the incorrect feeling that "I just function admirably under weight." Actually, now you are gaining ground simply because you haven't any decision. Your back is against the divider and there are no choices. Advance is being made, yet you have lost your opportunity. Delaying is the hoodlum of time. Scarcely finished in time, the paper may really procure a genuinely decent evaluation; whereupon the understudy encounters blended sentiments: pride of achievement disdain for the teacher who can't perceive substandard work, and blame for getting an undeserved review. In any case, the net outcome is fortification: the slacker is compensated emphatically for his poor conduct. The experiments were conducted with 25 participants. There was several part of task that was been conducted by the participants. The experiment completed within 45 minutes. The first result that was declared was between the low stroop interference and the high stroop interference. Low stroop interference was having a significantly low mean score than the high stroop interference. The standard deviation value of low stroop interference was also low. This suggests that the participants were highly been interfered in their work with some specified reasons that this might be one of the pro cause for procrastination (Rozental et al., 2015). The high strop interference shows that the tasks were not according to the demand. The second study shows that both low and high stroop interference the procrastination mean is little higher than it should be. Both the deviations are not that much significantly different that suggests that for this study the procrastination is little more higher that i t should be. Therefore in this time all the participants were attentive and are doing their important work prior to other. Table 3 shows that t value is negative. Therefore the participants are procrastinated. The degree of freedom is too high. It should be within 40. P value suggested that the difference is significant to a moderate extent. The low OSPAN and high Ospan median score differs a lot. This requires some extra research as the variance in median scores shows that the participant are very much procrastinated (Unsworth et al., 2005)). Again in the procrastination scores it shows that the low and high ospan value are nearly the same but is greater than the average mean value. Standard deviation is also same. This suggests that there should be some error in the value of table 4 and its needed to be rechecked once again. In the table 6 we see that the t value is positive and the value of p suggests that there should be no significant differences in between the high and low osp an value (Solomon Rothblum, 1994). This also suggests that the value of table 4 should not deviate by such a large margin. The error may occurred at s this is a computer base exam and the real time value might not be obtained. Therefore for getting the right value of stroop interference other stroop interference examination might also be followed. The experimental result exhibited that both study with low attention and high attention are been effected by procrastination. As we can see in table 2 the mean and the standard deviation value is nearly equal for both the interference. Procrastination also affects the student with low and high working memory. But the low working memory students are been affected the most. Reference list: Ferrari, J. R. (2000). Procrastination and attention: Factor analysis of attention deficit, boredomness, intelligence, self-esteem, and task-delay frequencies. Journal of Social Behaviour and Personality, 15(5), 185-197 Gustavson, D. E., Miyake, A., Hewitt, J. K., Friedman, N. P. (2015). Understanding the cognitive and genetic underpinnings of procrastination: Evidence for shared genetic influences with goal management and executive function abilities.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,144(6), 1063. Hen, M., Goroshit, M. (2014). Academic procrastination, emotional intelligence, academic self-efficacy, and GPA: A comparison between students with and without learning disabilities.Journal of learning disabilities,47(2), 116-124. Howell, A. J., Watson, D. C., Powell, R. A., Buro, K. (2006). Academic procrastination: The pattern and correlates of behavioral postponement. Personality and Individual Difference, 40, 1519-1530 MacLeod C.M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163203. Niermann, H., Scheres, A. (2014). The relation between procrastination and symptoms of attention?deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in undergraduate students.International journal of methods in psychiatric research,23(4), 411-421. Rabin, L. A., Fogel, J. Nutter-Upham, K. E. (2011). Academic procrastination in college students: the role of self-reported executive function. Journal of Clinical Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(3), 344-57 Rozental, A., Forsell, E., Svensson, A., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P. (2015). Internet-based cognitivebehavior therapy for procrastination: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,83(4), 808. Solomon, L. J., Rothblum, E. D. (1994). Procrastination Assessment Scale- Students (PASS). In J. Fischer K. Corcoran (Eds.), Measures for clinical practice (pp. 446-452). New York: The Free Press. Unsworth, N., Heitz, R. P., Schrock, J.C., Engle, R.W. (2005). An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior Research Methods, 37, 498 - 505.

The Benefits of Outsourcing

Introduction The world is increasingly becoming competitive. Firms are facing various challenges from various fronts, and it is only the best that can succeed. Competition is one of the leading challenges that firms in the current market have to deal with. New firms are coming into the market with products that are already available. Such new firms have brought about saturation of various products in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of Outsourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another challenge that firms in the current society have to deal with is the emerging technologies. The emerging technologies have brought a number of new trends that are posing serious challenges to the survival of the firm. It is important that a firm comes up with the best strategy that can help it manage these challenges and come out successful. Firms must consider the way they can outsmart their competitors. This may not be easy because as they plan to outplay their competitors, the competitors are also considering the best strategy that can help them manage the competitive market. Quality has been proven to be one of the best tools of managing competition. In order to win customers, a firm needs to ensure that it has the capacity to offer its customers the best value for their money. They have to come out strongly in the market as firms that understand the needs of the market. As such, they have to meet and exceed the expectations of the market (McLaughlin Aaker 2010, p. 78). Outsourcing offers firms opportunity to give this quality to the customers. Outsourcing refers to a strategy where a given activity is assigned to a contracted firm which does it on the behalf of the firm. It involves delegating some functions within a firm to another firm in a form of a contract. This is very common in cases where the function needs special knowledge in that particular area. This may be in the t elecommunication sector, in the engineering field, or any area that may require special knowledge in a technical field. This research seeks to gather evidence to support the fact that benefits of outsourcing outweigh its disadvantages. Outsourcing in the 21st Century The twenty first century is a very competitive century, and firms have been forced to come up with the best strategy in the market. A firm must give the best performance in the activity assigned. The process of having the best product in the market that is appealing to customers may be very difficult. However, the customers may not understand the difficulties of bringing these quality products in the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite this fact, a firm has the obligation of constantly bringing products into the market. Outsourcing has come out as the best approach through which a firm can enhance th e quality of the products. According to Hui-Ming and Paul (2010, p. 2090), outsourcing allows for individuals with the best capacity to perform certain tasks to perform them to their perfection. An individual cannot be all round perfect. There are some areas where an individual may require the expertise of another individual regardless of the qualifications held in another area. Similarly, a firm may not have the capacity to perform various tasks in its area of operation. In order to come up with a product with the best quality, it is important that a firm assigns duties that it is not best in performing, to a contracted firm with the best ability to perform such tasks. In order to understand the importance of outsourcing, it would be important to first look at the reasons for outsourcing The Main Reasons for Outsourcing Outsourcing is one of the new trends in the current world. Initially, a firm would be involved in all the activities within the firm. The management would determine all the activities that should be undertaken within the firm. The management would then assign the activities to various departments within the firm to accomplish. This was working well in those olden days, especially after the Second World War. Firms did not have to struggle looking for the market. The global market was very large, but firms that were doing mass production for various products were very few. There was therefore no serious competition in the market (Hooley 2008, p. 59). The main focus of most firms was to increase their production capacity because of the readily available market. However, this was changing as the world was getting globalized. Various firms were coming into existence from various corners around the world. With the emerging technologies, the world was fast turning into a global village. Many countries also considered opening up their markets for foreign firms. This brought about serious competition as firms had to convince the market that their produ cts are the best. Outsourcing was first witnessed in the aviation industry. This industry still remains the leading outsourcing industry in the world. The airlines in many countries across the world realized that most of their employees did not have the capacity to offer quality service to the planes for maintenance purposes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits of Outsourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These airline firms struggled to look for employees with the capacity to take care of the maintenance of the planes. The process of looking for such experienced individuals was not only costly, but also very tiresome. It would take a lot f time getting an individual with enough knowledge in this area, and retaining them within the firm was another problem. This condition was worsened by the fact that such tasks would require a number of individuals to work as a team. The airline firms therefore, had to come up with an alternative way of maintaining their aircrafts. It is because of this need for external expertise that these firms considered outsourcing as the best strategy that they can manage the problem of aircraft maintenance. They considered assigning individuals who are not direct employees of the firm the duty of maintaining the aircrafts on a regular basis. This strategy spilled first to other industries in the United States and Europe (Bissoondoyal 2006, p. 92). Various multinational corporations realized that outsourcing offered the best strategy to manage internal operations. The strategy offloads some of the tasks that would have worried the firm to other firms that have specialty in dealing with such activities. It also allowed some firms to lay off parts of its workforce as the need to have some departments was eliminated. Firms came to realize that they did not have to be perfect in all the stages of production in order to produce perfect products. They only had to select tasks that they had the best capacity to perform in, and assign other tasks to other outsourced firms. In the current society, various firms have outsourced various activities to improve their quality of products. However, Outsourcing comes with a number of disadvantages. In order to determine if the benefits of outsourcing outweigh its advantages, it would be important to look at both (Montiel 2011, p. 119). The following are some of the disadvantages of outsourcing Disadvantages of Outsourcing It is true that firms have considered outsourcing as a way of improving their operations. However, this comes at a cost. Firms may need to sacrifice a number of factors when outsourcing some of its activities. As Pellicelli (2010, p. 280) observes, outsourcing is not as simple as it may appear to be. There are a number of factors that a firm must be ready to forego when outsourcing. This puts such a firm at risk, especially in the current competitive market. The following are some of the disadvantages of outsourcing.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reduced Control of the Firm’s Activities The current competitive market requires the management of a firm to be on top of every operational activity in the firm. It requires a firm to develop mechanisms that would enable it operate all the activities within the desired time. This control is always reduced when a firm decides to outsource the services of another firm. The individuals who will be performing these tasks within the firm are not employees of the outsourcing firm. The management of the outsourcing firm therefore, does not have direct powers to direct them on how to carry out their activities. This may be frustrating to the management, especially when there is some form of urgency in the task. Exposure of the Firm to Competitors The level of competition in the market today requires firms to hide most of their strategies to the competitors. Large firms like Apple have been very successful in the market because they have hidden some of their strategies in the market. They keep their competitors guessing how they are going to approach some issues in the market. When the operational activities are left open for the competitors, a firm ends up losing its competitive advantage in the market (Prasanna Lorin 2009, p. 18). Outsourcing increases chances for a rival firm to access classified information about the firm. Different Approach to Handling Activities Most successful firms always develop conventional ways of approaching various activities. This way, it becomes easier for the management to monitor the progress within various departments. The employees are also able to determine what is expected of them in the firm. When a firm is outsourced to perform certain tasks within the firm, the employees of the outsourced firm may come up with their own approaches of handling various activities that may be strange to the firm. This may complicate the need for the two sets of employees to work as a team. This may reduce the overall efficiency of the firm. Benefits of Outsourcing In the current dynamic world, no firm can claim to have the capacity to perform various tasks that it may be faced with. It would be prudent for a firm to consider assigning some of its duties to other firms that have the best capacity to perform these tasks. According to Richard and Joseph (2007, p. 12), outsourcing has massive benefits that can enable a firm to achieve the best results in the market. The benefits so far outweigh the disadvantages that come with outsourcing. The following are some of the benefits of outsourcing. Increasing of the Operations Efficiency Outsourcing is one of the best ways of increasing operations efficiency. It is common to have cases where a firm lacks proper expertise to undertake certain activities. This is very common when dealing with the emerging technologies. It may take a very long time for a firm to train its employees on certain activities within the industry. Outsourcing therefore comes out strongly as the best str ategy that allows the firm to operate with the highest efficiency level even if it lacks expertise in some fields. Employees who have knowledge and experience will be retained in their departments to increase their efficiency. Those tasks that the firm lacks proper expertise will be assigned to other firms with enough capacity to deliver good results. This way, the operations of the firm will be very efficient. Increasing Time to Focus in Other Core Activities According to Steven (2007, p. 272), it is always a strenuous and time consuming process trying to undertake a task that one has limited knowledge in. Such an individual will be performing two tasks at a time. The first task will be learning how to perform the task, while purporting to perform the task. This takes a lot of time that would have been used to undertake other activities. When such activities are outsourced, it allows the firm more time to focus on activities that it can perform best. This way, the management, and t he employees will be left with ample time to focus on other core activities of the firm. Improving Management of Information Information is one of the key components of a firm that always dictates success or failure in the market. A firm that is able to develop an information flow has the capacity to succeed, unlike another with disrupted information strategy. Information management is always very important. Outsourcing enhances information flow. When a firm outsources another firm, it would mean that the firm will have a reduced number of employees. Coordinating the reduced number of employees is much easier. The management will use the leadership of the outsourced firm to ensure that its employees work within its expectations. Reduced Cost of Operations Firms are currently fighting to reduce costs of operations. Customers are demanding more for a lesser cost. The suppliers are demanding more money for lesser suppliers they deliver, citing increased cost of operations. A firm is pr essed between these two forces. It has to find a way of meeting the needs of the two forces. Outsourcing offers firms this opportunity. When a firm outsources another to perform certain tasks, this would mean that the firm will not need to hire individuals in these departments. This reduces the cost of labor for the firm. Reduced Risks The process of outsourcing reduces the risks of errors in performing certain activities. This is very common in the aviation industry. When these tasks are assigned to experienced individuals, chances that the activity will be done in a faulty way are minimized. This reduces risks that would be met if the activities were done by inexperienced employees within the firm. Quick Implementation of New Technologies The emerging technologies are very important in the modern world. It is important that a firm ensures that it has the capacity to manage the emerging technologies. Outsourcing other firms in various departments within the organization helps in qu ickening the implementation of new technologies. To implement new technologies as quick as may be desired, there is always need to ensure that there are individuals who have an understanding of such technologies (Viardot 2004, p. 28). A firm will only need to go for a firm with experience and knowledge of the new technologies. Outsourcing their services will enable the outsourcing firm to implement new technologies at a faster rate. Compliance to Security In most of the industries, there are some rules and regulations set by relevant authorities to protect the public. In the aviation sector, there are safety and security rules set up by various aviation bodies. The same case applies to various other departments. Some sensitive industries like the aviation industry would require individuals with a deep understanding of the requirements put forth by the regulators. When a firm outsources such sensitive tasks to other firms, it makes it easy for the firm to comply with the security and safety rules. This would eliminate any possible cases of litigation. Staffing Flexibility One of the biggest tasks that human resource department has to handle is the flexibility of the staff. The staff of any given organization must be flexible. It must be able to approach the emerging trends in the market and be able to come out successful. However, this is not very easy because of specialization that comes with division of labor. When an individual is assigned a specific task, it would be difficult to make them perform other activities that are different from their current tasks. However, there must be flexibility of the workforce to enable the firm withstand the emerging trends. Outsourcing is the best way to enhance staff flexibility. A firm will only need to hire individuals with understanding of the emerging trends as and when needed. Employees will be given time to develop understanding of these new trends and master them, before they can start performing such tasks. Develo pment of the Internal Staff It is import to develop the internal workforce. Development of the staff can come in various approaches. One of the most common ways of developing the workforce is through in-service learning. In this strategy, employees’ capacity is improved while they are at work. Outsourcing is very vital in this strategy. The management will outsource a firm with the desired skills in a particular sector. The management will then select the workforce that should learn the desired strategy and assign them to work alongside the outsourced firms. The employees would be expected to learn how to handle certain tasks by getting involved in doing them (Tejaswini Rajiv 2010, p. 320). The outsourced firm will not only be helping the firm in performing that particular activity, but also in teaching and developing the local staff. The firm will therefore develop a strong workforce that has the capacity to handle various activities within the firm. Conclusion The world is increasingly becoming competitive. Firms are facing various challenges in the market that requires them to develop appropriate mechanism to overcome them. In the current world, it is important that the management understands the new forces that are relevant within the industry and acts upon them well in time. Outsourcing is one of the best strategies that a firm can achieve this. It has been clearly demonstrated that the benefits of outsourcing outweighs its disadvantages. List of References Bissoondoyal, U 2006, Total quality management: a practical approach, New Age International, London. Hooley, G 2008, Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning, FT Prentice Hall, Harlow. Hui-Ming, W Paul, W 2010, Modelling of outsourcing decisions in global supply chains: An empirical study on supplier management performance with different outsourcing strategies, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 2081–2094. McLaughlin, D Aaker, D 2010, Strategic mark et management: global perspective, Wiley, Chichester. Montiel, P 2011, Macroeconomics in emerging markets, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pellicelli, M 2010, Outsourcing strategies. How to formalize and negotiate the outsourcing contract, Department of Business Administration â€Å"Riccardo Argenziano, pp. 276-286. Prasanna, B Lorin, M 2009, How Offshoring Affects IT Workers, Contributed Articles, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 407-426. Richard, W Joseph, P 2007, The Impact of Outsourcing on Firm Value: New Insights, SAM Advanced Management Journal Spring, pp. 1-12 Steven, T 2007, The Innovative Organization: Creating Value through Outsourcing, California Management Review, vol. 50, no. 1, 261-277. Tejaswini, H Rajiv, K 2010, Offshore Outsourcing: Risks, Challenges, and Potential Solutions, Information Systems Management, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 312–326. Viardot, E 2004, Successful Marketing Strategy for High-Tech Firms, Artech House, Boston. Vishanth, W Zahir, I 2010, A value and risk analysis of offshore outsourcing business models: an exploratory study, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 613–634. This essay on The Benefits of Outsourcing was written and submitted by user Happy Hogan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Whitsun Weddings Essay Example For Students

The Whitsun Weddings Essay But this is all he is talking about, in these poems he would be most discriminated for, yet all he is thinking about is his own feelings and thoughts, not about the womens at all, so i dont feel that anyone can judge if he sympathises with the women or not as he isnt taking them into consideration. True he does talk about women as objects but only because he wishes he could as this would give him more power in that respect. He proves he doesnt believe in himself through the fact that he ended up dating the friend who he didnt find as attractive as the other bosomy rose. We will write a custom essay on The Whitsun Weddings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Like the previous two poems, Faith Healing could be thought of as also being about himself in the way that they were about his way of thinking and the way he acts or his relationships. Even though this poem is seemingly about women, we are able to notice a rather jealous tone when Larkin speaks about how women file up like a flock of sheep and will follow whatever is said to them using in this case a religious speaker. Larkin describes the speaker as being Godly; rimless glasses, silver hair, dark suit, white collar being able to persuade women to do whatever he wants them to do, believe whatever he wants them to believe. One may think that this is another mention of his fantasies; being able to tell women what to do yet i feel the poem does in-fact have a sympathetic tone to it. Either sympathetic towards the women not being able to think for themselves, even though he is rather patronising towards them by using animalistic terms such as hoarse tears, thick tongues and sheepishly stray or towards himself for not being the person who he wants to be. One poem that most definitely contrasts to the other poems is Selfs the Man, this is because there is blatant sympathy showed by Larkin, sympathy that still may not please people but i feel no-one will be able to argue with Larkins truthful feelings portrayed in this poem. Larkin tells us in this poem about his friend Arnold and his married life. Larkin tells us that Arnold is less selfish than he is in the way that Larkin feels he is a swine because he has a better life than him. He feels sorry for Arnold because he is stuck with a woman all day and she orders him round so much that he has no time at all. Larkin spends the first half of the poem describing Arnolds life, sympathising with him but also laughing at him for being such a fool. Towards the end of the poem we see Larkin starting to question his theory by asking himself if it was such a mistake and finishing off the poem saying he knows what i can stand or i suppose i can which shows he is thoroughly doubting who is better off. So in this poem we can see a change in Larkins views from the sympathetic, mocking view to hesitating on whether in-fact are people sympathising with him because of his situation. The final poem i will look at, i feel of one of the saddest poems Larkin has written as in Afternoons we see him describe a stage in a young mothers life where her youth is fading and she has got stuck into a routine. This routine is also described by saying the mothers assemble rather than meet up which suggests they have a strict and controlled life. The word hollows also conveys an emptiness in their lives, words such as hollows, fading and fall create a very sad tone that has not been seen in many of Larkins poems as they suggest a huge loss in their lives, causing Larkin to sympathise with the young mothers. .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 , .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .postImageUrl , .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 , .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09:hover , .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09:visited , .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09:active { border:0!important; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09:active , .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09 .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f21fd6e54adb59675daceaf59419d09:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Beyond the arabin poetry EssayAlso we can see Larkin sympathise with married women in general which is very surprising in itself as he says that stand husbands, their children and an estateful of washing dominate their lives. From this i have come to the conclusion that in relation to the question how fair is the criticism Larkin has a lack of sympathy in his poetry i believe it is not fair, Larkin is sympathetic. Perhaps he is not as sympathetic as some poets but i feel that for a man with Larkins views, through his poetry he is able to sympathise with himself and his own views and also sympathise with others if that is what he was not to write about. I do not feel that Larkin should be discriminated because of his poetry purely because his poetry is his views; he should have to start sympathising with people if that is not what he believed in. From this selection of poems, i personally have identified sympathy in all the poems i have looked at. I feel that sympathy towards yourself can still count as being sympathetic and i honestly feel that Larkin often was not happy with himself in the ways he felt inadequate and not able to be someone he wishes he would be. Afternoons showed the most sympathy and unusually towards women which was very rare for him to look at a womans point of view. Still it proves he can still sympathise with women if he actually thinks about them and their views. In his other poems he usually only concentrates of himself which might cause readers to think that he isnt being sympathetic but why would you need to talk about other people in your own poetry? He would not have thought of a target audience that a novelist would. He usually does talk about himself but as proven in Afternoons, when he does choose to think away from his point of view Larkin does show a sympathetic side backed up with an even more surprising saddened tone. This showing that even a stubborn man such as Larkin can still identify with other people in a sympathetic manor. Georgina Sims Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Philip Larkin section.

Detecting Signs of E.T.

Detecting Signs of E.T. From time to time, the news media falls in love with stories about how aliens have been found. From the detection of a possible signal from a distant civilization to tales of an alien megastructure around a star observed by the Kepler Space Telescope to the story of the WOW! signal detected in 1977 by an astronomer at Ohio State University, any time theres a hint of a puzzling discovery in astronomy, we see breathless headlines that aliens have been found.   In point of fact, there hasnt been an alien civilization found...yet. But, astronomers keep looking! Finding Something Weird In late summer 2016, astronomers picked up what seemed like a signal from a distant sun-like star called HD 164595. Preliminary searches using the Allen Telescope Array in California showed that the signal picked up by a Russian telescope was not likely from an alien civilization. However, more telescopes will check out the signal to understand what it is and what could be making it. For   now, however, its problem not little green aliens sending us a howdy.   Another star, called KIC 8462852, was observed by Kepler for more than four years. It appears to have a variability in its brightness. That is, the light we perceive coming from this F-type star dims periodically. Its not a regular period of time, so its probably not caused by an orbiting planet. Such planet-caused dimmings are called transits. Kepler has cataloged many stars using the transit method and found thousands of planets this way. But, the dimming of KIC 8462852 was just too irregular. While astronomers and observers worked on cataloging its dimmings, they also talked to an astronomer who had been thinking hard about what we might see if a distant star had planets with life on them. And, in particular, if that life was technologically able to build superstructures around their star to harvest its light (for example).    What Could it Be? If a big structure orbited a star, it could cause the variability in the stars brightness to be irregular or even random-seeming. Of course, there are some caveats with this idea. First, distance is a problem. Even a fairly large structure would be difficult to detect from Earth, even with very strong detectors. Second, the star itself could have some strange variable pattern, and astronomers would need to observe it for longer periods of time to figure out what it is. Third, stars with dust clouds around them can also have fairly large planetary structures forming. Those planetesimals could also cause irregular brightness dips in the starlight we detect from Earth, especially if they were orbiting at staggered distances. Finally, catastrophic collisions between clumps of material around a star could deliver huge groups of objects such as cometary nuclei in orbit around the star. Those could also affected the perceived brightness of the star.   The Simple Truth In science, theres a rule that we follow called Occams Razor - it means, essentially, for any given event or object you observe, generally the most plausible explanation is the simplest one.   In this case, stars with clumps of dust, planetesimals, or roving exo-comets are more likely than aliens. Thats because stars FORM in cloud of gas and dust, and younger stars still have material around them left over from the formation of their planets. KIC 8462852 could be in in a planet-forming stage, consistent with its age and mass (its about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and a bit younger than our star). So, the simplest explanation here is NOT an alien megacomplex, but swarms of comets.   The Search Protocol The search for extrasolar planets has always been a prelude to a search for life elsewhere in the universe. Each star and planet system discovered to have worlds has to be examined carefully so that astronomers understand its inventory of planets, moons, rings, asteroids, and comets. Once thats done, the next step is to figure out if the worlds are friendly to life -- that is, are they habitable? They do this by trying to understand if the world has an atmosphere, where it is in its orbit around the star, and what its evolutionary state might be.   So far, none have been found hospitable. But, theyll be found. Odds are, there is intelligent life elsewere in the universe. Eventually, we will detect it - or it will find us. In the meantime, astronomers on Earth continue to search for habitable planets around likely stars. The more they study, they more theyll be ready to recognize lifes effects elsewhere.

The Issue of Police Misconduct Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Issue of Police Misconduct - Term Paper Example Incidents such as these clearly show that misconduct is a far-reaching problem, affecting police departments at every level of operation (Ivkovic, 2003). In fact, it is a problem that has existed since at least the beginning of the 20th century, when the first attempts were made to combat it on a professional level (O'Shea and Nichols, 2003). What, exactly, can be considered police misconduct It is basically any behavior on the part of a police officer that is illegal, an obvious misuse of authority, or an effort to gain some type of material reward. Acts of misconduct generally fall within two categories: physical/emotional abuse (as described in the cases above), and the more widely studied issue of corruption. Why is police misconduct seen as being so terrible It is because they are the ones who solve our problems for us and put the bad guys away. They are not supposed to be the bad guys themselves. However, it is almost understandable that police would fall prey to these types of actions since their jobs constantly place them in situations where they are with "bad guys" every day, and there are obviously some opportunities for great temptation to occur (Johnson and Cox, 2004-5). Some of the most common ways to assess corruption are through interviews, surveys, and observation (Ivkovic, 2003). Each of these methods has severe limitations and cannot be used by itself. However, when two or more of these methods are used together, there is a much better chance of getting a reliable assessment of corruption (Ivkovic, 2003). It is important to learn how to best measure police corruption, and the severity of it, in order to know how to best treat the problem.Louise Westmarland (2005) used a survey to ask British police officers questions about how they viewed police corruption, unethical behavior, and breaking the rules on occasion. Certain actions, like gaining materially from the position, were seen to be much more serious than others, like excessive physical violence or lying to protect colleagues (Westmarland, 2005).